網際網路的發展,一直到今天,還是非常地熱門,並且改變了人們過去的觀念和邏輯思緒。因此在這個被稱為跳躍式的IT時代,就在下一秒,可能會出現令人驚訝的軟硬體創新。
自從Laptop出現後,在臺灣的中小企業主,有人身上背著六個筆記型電腦,開始了環歐銷售打拼之旅,也跑遍日、韓等地區。在這樣辛勤奔波下的狀態,或許並非只有個人之功,卻也突顯了「產品」是個契機,是個改變。也許只是最初單純的商業行為,未能預料後續帶給人們的是,是那麼地全然的不同。以目前統計資料:光是智慧型觸控手機發展,截至2012年3月份,IOS、APP下載量:A billion thanks 25times over.就很驚人。而在臺灣,行動上網用戶數,預計至2012年底,將達八百萬數。在這當中的商業行銷和生活體驗的結合,已經引發了新的生活型態和新的需求,並且產生了世代變化。例如最新的蜘蛛族特性:
上網時間比看電視多;
整天掛網;
玩APP比上網多;
凡事上網問朋友;
沒有用筆寫過信,All in Gmail
上網逛街購物。
甚至在職場上的變化:
給他一份空白紙,手寫報告,他卻會給你一個空白的腦袋。
對於企業上的運作,其實也因此出現衝撞狀態。這對經營上,其實會要耗費更多「修補」的必要。因為新世代所接觸的並非和過去有直接關連,他們所處的環境已經是立即式的便利。處在熟悉新事物的一代,對於過往的工具使用和邏輯概念,其實是難以瞭解的。而從過去連結至今的世代者,卻需要強迫自己面對這樣的變化,並且急切有個緩衝和適應,甚至要帶頭找出兩世代間銜接的方式(相容性)。這樣才有可能將過往的經驗做新的組譯傳承運用。而這個我們當前所處的轉換時刻、就是過渡期。這對於兩個不同世代而言,會是個很特別的經歷。實際上,除了科技的發展,所有可以想到的一切,也都會產生化學變化,和人類過去的歷史發展不同。
以經濟商業來說,我們最初認為顧客是外在的,是要去找的。後來發展出「潛在顧客」群的運用。而現今卻又發展出「內部顧客=員工」。這從字面上其實很容易理解。員工是最清楚自家產品的狀況,也是最佳代言者,能觸發其他的「潛在顧客」吸引更外圍的顧客群。另外,因為資訊傳遞的便利,產生了「有些事,在討論時,商機已過。」的狀況。就拿股票而言,所有現在當天看到的股價漲跌,其實最少在半年前就已經有蛛絲馬跡供判斷,它是融合各種訊息面影響的結果。而每當一個結果之所以能成為「結果」,必需要有過程去演變。所以,當看到今天漲,就去買,或是看到今天跌,趕緊賣的直接式操作,就是最直接的投機。這並不一定是錯誤,但在經營的角度觀看,這並非長遠恰當的模式。因為,可能買了,馬上又跌了,或又漲了。就在產生決定然後進行時,商機已過的時間差。這當下有了新課題:對於商業行銷上,「如何在剎那間讓顧客決定購買。」成了最直接的課題。這當中很多是需要有「整合服務,異業結合。」的概念輔助。例如:以往配付眼鏡,就是要到店面去。如今,可能在上班族午餐午休時刻,會看到有一銷售人拿著大尺寸手持平版機,直接幫你拍照,然後點選手持平版機畫面中已存檔的各種欲銷售的眼鏡框,直接幫你模擬配戴後的效果。並且在選定後,銷售人按下傳輸鍵,即刻將訂單資訊傳遞到公司和工廠。這種「配眼鏡無商店,行動商務。」已經是趨勢,並且很直接的將以往我們認知的知識經濟導向改變了。對於實體店面而言,會是在建制雲端銷售系統後,進入了美學和體驗經濟導向模式。因為系統中已有顧客的各式各樣資訊,系統會偵測到進店面的顧客面貌後,於廣告牆上播放顧客有需求的產品品項。服務人員也能透過即時系統準備了顧客會有購買意願的商品陳列與介紹。這也延伸出因為行銷順位的改變:顧客策略→服務策略→產品策略。和以往是有好的產品、技術、人員等,再考慮到服務方式,最後才找顧客群的方式不同,屬於精準式行銷。
另外,在許多行號或公辦處所,以往憑藉造冊方式將資訊傳遞,以企業為例,承辦人員資料的移交,其實並不代表客戶移交。這是因為資料未有分類,難以消化。而且許多客戶往來中的「情感」資訊通常不被移交,更何況是擁有龐大客戶群時,是很難在短時間內做到完整資訊面,而承接者也很難找到從哪裡入手和客戶接洽。以個人在飯店經歷為例:知道各產業的競爭,在乎「資訊」豐富與正確,因此每當有特別的顧客資訊或飯店相關重要聯繫資訊,便自行建檔外,還直接分類保固。這樣對於將來新承接業務人員,會迅速瞭解工作狀態,對於主管而言,能減少許多培訓所需的費心費時。另外的好處是,當你離開該職務後,並不會要被經常打擾,要求再騰出時間去幫忙「培訓」,這在某程度上,就是將自己的時間管控出來,減少過勞狀態。再以個人在企業辦公室經歷為例:除了建制出以自己能瞭解的個人工作資訊訊息模組檔案外,也同樣將自己的工作業務範圍所需的各種資訊轉換成輔助資料庫。用簡易的方式建檔分類。對於日後職務調整調動時,只需將重點觀念轉告,其接辦人員,就能從已建制的輔助資料庫獲得幫助。這些方式其實各種產業都能運用。
當然,新的商業行銷和人類生活模式再次的變化,是要在雲端系統的成立。這種雲端競爭就是毫秒必爭!(從這亦可延伸出,人類身心將會有更密集變化,產生更深層的身體疾疫反應,已可預測,這課題於此暫不贅述。)對於雲端技術的產生,就需要瞭解到:雲端應該是被運用的工具,它使未來行銷以「顧客策略」為本位。即「要先找出顧客在哪?」、「創造顧客的價值」在哪裡要找出來。雲端決戰不在技術,在於重要的四個構面-智慧生活、互動體驗、行動商務、社群分享,由此環繞中心—顧客價值。而雲端本身的需求-技術人員撰寫資料庫程式的需要。檔案整理、人員溝通的介面需要這是說明一項技術的規劃建制後,對於運作的流程和可變化的方式,都是要事先依照企業需求客製,才會有所助益。而非將套裝CRM系統,全部移植到各產業。套裝CRM系統本身是完整、龐大的的系統,只適合大型企業建制用。若是一般中小企業使用,反而會耗費過多資源佔用。
目前運用雲端系統,產生的線上簽核可協助快速反應。以上述眼鏡銷售範例,當銷售人將訂購訊息傳回公司,就需經過單位主管簽核認可,協辦人員就能依流程進行工作。並且經過主管回簽後的確認,將訂單發至工廠製作。以往企業經營方式是需繕寫公文,呈文主管後簽核,再將結果轉回承辦人員。在這當中,若相關人員不在位子上,時效就要延宕。也會增加該筆交易的變數。而透過雲端簽核系統方式,只要銷售人將訊息資料發出,相關人員就能在其手機或手持操作面版上看到訊息,並且可以迅速回應。但是目前初期推廣受阻有部份因素:小企業不想養IT人才(因為IT人員非屬生產效率單位)、客製化雲端資料庫會耗費(資金)與耗時(建制)。因此,對於電子簽核的終極目標在於使用介面需易操作。現今國內已有開發且流通的軟體設計,其設計後的操作分有,初階--非IT人員,即可輕鬆操作、中階--部門主管可增減控制項設定、高階—IT及程式人員設計。從這樣的軟體程式設計上來研討後,可以發現到未來的軟體操作介面,其實是和outlook、Gmail、資料庫設計、頁面設計、部落格設計概念、facebook等社群網站,是相通的延續。因此,每個人其實是需要對當前發展的介面熟悉操作,才能應付未來新軟體介面入手,也才能在各辦公產業中懂得運用工具來幫助作業流程更順暢。這會是成為上班族必要的認知。對於勞工族而言,也是會有相當程度影響。因為透過快速資訊傳遞,可以明瞭到每日工作項目告知和進度回報等系統運用。此外,也延伸出勞安輔助系統的快速反應處理。
因為對於雲端資訊安全的建制,要有「維護人員和資安管理人員應分離。」的認知,才能有程度上的保障系統端和客戶端的資訊安全。也因為安全上的疑慮,致使目前企業使用還不甚普遍。但是國內已有專業公司,開發出Android、電子郵件、手持電話系統簽核加密(晶片卡方式)。而且已經世界170國家接洽使用,當中不乏國家級重要國安相關單位購買使用該系統。足見雲端技術的需求和趨勢。
其他訊息參考:
(1)雲端租用:
目前大月分一個月NT.1,000元或一年NT.1,000元。
(2) 2012年7月份會有雲端POS推出,
例如:可利用APP查詢附近餐廳是否尚有空位可訂!
(3)雲端運算之威脅:
依據雲端安全防護聯盟CSA(Cloud Security Alliance; https://cloudsecurityalliance.org/)於2010年3月提出雲端七大安全威脅,其中包含:
1.濫用或利用雲端運算進行非法的行為(Abuse and Nefarious Use of Cloud Computing)
此威脅主要是因雲端運算服務的供應商對於使用者未經審查就直接使用其提供的資源,有些甚至提供免費使用的功能或試用期。而成為有心分子利用的管道,容易造成像殭屍網路、木馬程式、惡意網頁等惡意程式橫行於雲端運算的系統中。
2.不安全的介面與APIs(Insecure Interface and APIs)
使用者透過使用者介面或是APIs存取雲端運算服務而影響到雲端運算服務本身的安全性。其中造成的相依性與安全性問題,也都是雲端運算安全議題中必須一併加以考量。
3.惡意的內部人員(Malicious Insiders)
內部人員所造成的問題,一向是安全問題中相當重要的主題,而採用雲端運算服務的形式,將會讓內部人員所產生的問題更形嚴重。雲端運算服務供應商如何規範與管理內部員工,這絕對是說服使用者願意使用雲服務的重要議題。
4.共享環境所造成的議題(Shared Technology Issues)
資源共享是雲端運算服務重要賣點,透過虛擬化技術所衍生實體環境中安全議題。如何在虛擬化的平台中有效地隔不同的使用者,避免彼此相互干擾,對雲端運算也是一個嚴格的挑戰。
5.資料遺失或外洩(Data Loss or Leakage)
雲端服務供應商對於資料保護有更重要的責任。個資法通過,讓資料遺失或外洩的議題面臨更加嚴格的檢視。
6.帳號或服務被竊取(Account or Service Hijacking)
由於釣魚網站(Phishing)與惡意程式的橫行,帳號與服務被竊取事件時有耳聞,而雲端運算服務直接暴露於網際網路上,也讓這些竊取行為更加容易發生。
7.未知的風險模型(Unknown Risk Profile)
IaaS、PaaS、SaaS對於服務供應商與使用都而言,都新的IT服務形態,很多新的攻擊手法與資安議題也都在演進中,因此未來仍有許多未知的風險存在。
(4)The top 10 tch trends for 2012 By Pete Cashmore, Special to CNN
December 19, 2011 -- Updated 1756 GMT (0156 HKT) | Filed under: Innovations
1. Touch computing
New input methods will be the dominant trend of 2012. Tablet computers such as the iPad might seem like a nice alternative to desktop and laptop computers, but I believe they're more than that: They're replacements. Just as the command line (remember that?) gave way to graphical user interfaces, so the mouse will be superseded by touchscreens.
The signs are obvious: Windows 8 and Mac OS X Lion, the latest desktop operating systems, borrow heavy from their mobile counterparts. These new interfaces essentially impose a touchscreen-inspired interface over the traditional desktop environment.
Over time, this half-step will become a whole one, and mobile operating systems will dominate. The transition won't be complete by the end of 2012, but we'll be much further down the path, and using computer mice much less often.
2. Social gestures
In the social media realm, social gestures appear to be the leading trend of 2012. Launched by Facebook in September, this so-called "frictionless sharing" functionality removes the need to click a button to share media with your friends. Instead, everything you listen to, read or watch is automatically posted to your profile once you approve the relevant app.
If you've seen apps such as Spotify or Social Reader in your Facebook news feed, you're already aware of these features.
The trend makes sense for social networks: With 800 million people already on Facebook, its growth is bound to slow. But if sharing becomes automatic, the volume of content on Facebook will grow at an accelerated pace. There's a big problem, however: Users may be "creeped out" by all this automated sharing of their Web activity and grow suspicious of the apps using it.
3. NFC and mobile payments
Next year is likely to be the year when mobile payments blossom. While we've seen a great deal of innovation in mobile payments technology this year -- including the success of Square's iPhone dongle, allowing anyone to accept credit card payments -- 2012 is the year of NFC.
What's that, you ask? Near Field Communication essentially lets you replace your credit cards with your phone: Wave an NFC-enabled phone near the credit card reader in a store (or taxi cab), and the money is deducted from your account.
By 2013, 1 in 5 cellphones are expected to be NFC-equipped. Early contenders include Google Wallet, Visa Wallet, Serve (by American Express) and ISIS.
4. Beyond the iPad
If touch computing is the future, then the iPad is surely king. And yet the iPad came up against serious competition in the latter part of 2011: As I wrote previously, I expect the new Amazon Kindle Fire to outsell the iPad in 2012. Why? Simply put, the iPad costs $499 while the Fire costs $199.
Amazon's advantages don't stop at the price point, however: The company owns an entire content store of movies, e-books, TV shows and other media. With tablet devices, the hardware is somewhat important but the content available for the device is absolutely critical: With plenty of media available for the Fire right away, it's an appealing proposition.
Why does one device constitute an entire trend? Well, as a true competitor to the iPad emerges, content producers, distributors and even app developers may have an entirely new platform on which to push their wares. (And yes, the Kindle Fire does indeed run Google's Android operating system, but Amazon's version is so unlike other Android tablets that neither users nor app developers will perceive it as "yet another Android device" -- it's a whole new platform.)
5. TV Everywhere
So you thought you'd be able to watch all your favorite shows online and get rid of your cable subscription for good? Not so fast!
The cable companies have a cunning plan: They'll let you watch live TV, plus on-demand movies and TV shows, on your connected devices if you keep your cable subscription. Dish Network, Time Warner and Comcast are among those offering the service.
TV Everywhere has been buzzed about since 2010, of course, and could be a dud -- but the rise of tablet devices would seem to create increased demand for a "TV in your hands."
6. Voice control
Here's another trend that's got a moderate chance of taking off in 2012: Voice control.
The novelty of Siri on the iPhone 4S -- which allows you to send texts, create reminders, search the Web and much more using just your voice -- may be the start of a new trend in voice controlled devices.
Surely voice control has been around for years? Yes, but it wasn't very accurate.
Siri and its ilk define a new era in which we talk, and our devices understand -- often on the first attempt. Other device makers will likely follow suit. What's more, Apple may use voice control to replace the TV remote.
7. Spatial gestures
Other input methods are gaining traction too: Microsoft's Kinect, for instance, has given rise to interfaces that use spatial gestures. Just like in "Minority Report," your devices can be controlled simply by waving your hands in the air.
Thanks to the many innovators who have hacked Kinect to work with other platforms, we may see more devices using this input method next year.
8. Second-screen experiences
"Second-screen experiences" is a buzz-phase among TV and movie execs these days. It refers to apps (mainly on the iPad) that listen to the audio output of your TV and display content related to the show or movie you're watching. The chances are that you already use your tablet computer or phone while watching TV, so there's ample opportunity to make the viewing experience a more interactive one.
Disney already has second-screen apps for movies such as "The Lion King" and "Bambi," while multiple TV networks have similar offerings: We can expect many, many more to be released in 2012.
9. Flexible screens
Personally, I just can't wait for flexible screens: These awesome new bendable interfaces will let you zoom in, zoom out and scroll around a page simply by twisting your phone or tablet.
Nokia and Samsung have both hinted they may release phones with bendable displays in 2012. The really exciting stuff, however -- like paper-thin devices that roll up to fit in your pocket -- is still years away.
10. HTML5
Can I squeeze in one more trend? It's HTML5 -- the fifth iteration of the HTML standard -- and it lets developers create richer, more interactive applications than ever.
Why does this matter? As developers tire of building applications for every operating system out there -- from Android to iOS to Windows Phone and beyond -- HTML5 offers the opportunity to build an app once and have it work everywhere.
The rise of HTML5 is bound to be accelerated by a recent revelation: Adobe is killing off Flash for mobile devices, meaning one of the primary methods of serving videos and rich applications on mobile phones is about to disappear. HTML5 will fill that gap. For us as consumers, that means richer applications and experiences on all our devices.
In short, 2012 is all about new ways to interact with our devices through touch and voice control, new lightweight ways to share content, a revolution in mobile payments and a plethora of rich Web applications -- not to mention the hundreds of new innovations that we've yet to dream up. I can't wait.
Source:
http://edition.cnn.com/2011/12/19/tech/innovation/top-tech-trends-2012/index.html
